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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Holiday Treasure (The Thanksgiving Treasure) Jason Robards MP4 DVD
November 27, 2025: Fourth Thursday Of
November: The United States: The History Of The United States:
Federal Holidays In The United States: Thanksgiving (Thanksgiving
Day, Thanksgiving [US], American Thanksgiving): -- Thanksgiving is
celebrated, a national holiday celebrated on various other dates
in Canada, some of the Caribbean islands, and Liberia. It began as
a day of giving thanks and sacrifice for the blessing of the
harvest and of the preceding year. Similarly named festival
holidays occur in Germany and Japan. Thanksgiving is celebrated on
the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday
of November in the United States, and around the same part of the
year in other places. Although Thanksgiving has historical roots
in religious and cultural traditions, it has long been celebrated
as a secular holiday as well. Thanksgiving Day is the first
American holiday observed, having been proclaimed by President
George Washington on November 26, 1789 as a day of prayer and
public thanksgiving in gratitude for the successful establishment
of the new American democracy. Since 1863, when ffPresident
Abraham Lincoln issued a proclamation designating the last
Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day, Thanksgiving has been
observed annually in the United States. #Thanksgiving
#ThanksgivingDay #ThanksgivingHoliday #HarvestFestivals #Holidays
#AmericanHolidays #PublicHolidays #PublicHolidaysInTheUS
#FederalHolidaysInTheUS #NationalHolidays #FeastDays
#GeorgeWashington #AbrahamLincoln #AmericanRevolutionaryWar
#AmericanRevolution #AmericanCivilWar #EvacuationDay
#AmericanHistory #USHistory #HistoryOfTheUS #ThanksgivingRadio
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Gimme That
Old Time Thanksgiving! Holiday Films MP4 Video Download DVD
November 27, 2025: Fourth Thursday Of
November: The United States: The History Of The United States:
Federal Holidays In The United States: Thanksgiving (Thanksgiving
Day, Thanksgiving [US], American Thanksgiving): Parades: Parades
In The United State: Parades In New York City: Thanksgiving
Parades (Thanksgiving Day Parades): Macy's Thanksgiving Day
Parade: -- An annual event held on Thanksgiving Day, one of the
biggest and most anticipated events during this holiday. It's
become a tradition among families to watch the parade on
Thanksgiving Day. The parade was first introduced in 1924 and has
continued to grow and develop since then, becoming an important
part of the holiday season. Each year the floats become bigger and
more elaborate with thousands of volunteers joining in to make
this holiday celebration enjoyable for all those watching from
home or coming to attend the parade. Rowland Hussey Macy was a
businessman born in 1822 in Massachusetts. In 1843, Rowland Macy
opened four dry goods stores to serve the mill industry. He failed
to launch his business and, by 1858, moved to New York City,
renaming his store "R.H. Macy Dry Goods". That store saw
great success, but Macy didn't live long enough to see his vision
actualized. Macy died in 1877 and ownership of the company
eventually went to his partners, brothers Isidor and Nathan
Straus. In 1902 came a great business decision when the flagship
store was moved to Herald Square. What started as one building
expanded through the years to become the world's largest store. In
1978, the building was added to the National Register of Historic
Places and became a National Historic Landmark. It welcomes 20
million visitors every year. Macy's hosts many of its events in
that location, including the Macy's Flower Show, Macy's Santaland,
and Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. Each year the building's
windows have elaborate Christmas displays that visitors look
forward to seeing. Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is its most
important and famous event. It has been hosted annually in New
York City in Macy's flagship store since 1924. In the first
parade, Macy's employees marched in costumes along with floats, a
band, and live animals. Now, bands compete months ahead to play in
the parade and thousands of people volunteer to help organize the
event. The parades have become grander and more elaborate
throughout the years. The parade introduced its first giant
balloon in 1928. The balloons were initially shaped like various
animals but then developed to feature cartoon characters such as
Mickey Mouse, Popeye, Superman, and Olaf. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: WPIX at
40! (1988) New York City's TV Channel 11 DVD, Download, USB
November 27, 1924: The United States: The
History Of The United States: Federal Holidays In The United
States: Thanksgiving (Thanksgiving Day, Thanksgiving [US],
American Thanksgiving): Parades: Parades In The United State:
Parades In New York City: Thanksgiving Parades (Thanksgiving Day
Parades): Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade: -- In New York City, the
first Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is held. The Macy's
Thanksgiving Day Parade is now an annual parade in New York City
presented by the U.S.-based department store chain Macy's. The
Parade first took place in 1924,:?9? tying it for the
second-oldest Thanksgiving parade in the United States with
America's Thanksgiving Parade in Detroit (with both parades being
four years younger than Philadelphia's Thanksgiving Day Parade).
The three-hour parade is held in Manhattan, ending outside Macy's
Herald Square, and takes place from 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.
Eastern Standard Time on Thanksgiving Day, and has been televised
nationally on NBC since 1953. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Fabulous Sixties with Peter Jennings TV Documentary Series MP4/DVD
November 27, 2025: Fourth Thursday Of
November: The United States: The History Of The United States:
Federal Holidays In The United States: Thanksgiving (Thanksgiving
Day, Thanksgiving [US]): Alice's Restaurant Massacree (Alice's
Restaurant): -- At precisely noon in each time zone across the
country on many classic rock and adult album alternative radio
stations, Arlo Guthrie's satirical talking blues song "Alice's
Restaurant Massacree", commonly known as "Alice's
Restaurant", is played as a Thanksgiving tradition, as the
events described in the song occur on this holiday. It was
released by Reprise Records (Warner Brothers) on November 22,
1967, the day before Thanksgiving. It is the title track to
singer-songwriter Arlo Guthrie's 1967 debut album Alice's
Restaurant. The song is a deadpan protest against the Vietnam War
draft, in the form of a comically exaggerated but largely true
story from Guthrie's own life: while visiting acquaintances in
Stockbridge, Massachusetts, he is arrested and convicted of
dumping trash illegally, which later endangers his suitability for
the military draft. The title refers to a restaurant owned by one
of Guthrie's friends, artist Alice Brock; although she is a minor
character in the story, the restaurant plays no role in it aside
from being the subject of the chorus and the impetus for Guthrie's
visit. The song was an inspiration for the 1969 film also named
Alice's Restaurant, which took numerous liberties with the story.
The work has become Guthrie's signature song and he has
periodically re-released it with updated lyrics. In 2017, it was
selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by
the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically,
or artistically significant". On Thanksgiving Day 1965
(November 25, 1965), while in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, during a
break from his brief stint in college, 18-year-old Guthrie was
arrested for illegally dumping on private property what he
described as "a half-ton of garbage" from the home of
his friends, teachers Ray and Alice Brock, after he discovered the
local landfill was closed for the holiday. Guthrie and his friend
Richard Robbins appeared in court, pled guilty to the charges,
were levied a nominal fine and picked up the garbage that weekend.
This littering charge would soon serve as the basis for Guthrie's
most famous work, "Alice's Restaurant Massacree", a
talking blues song that lasts 18 minutes and 34 seconds in its
original recorded version. Guthrie has pointed out that this was
also the exact length of one of the infamous gaps in Richard
Nixon's Watergate tapes, and that Nixon owned a copy of the
record. The Alice in the song is Alice Brock, who had been a
librarian at Arlo's boarding school in the town before opening her
restaurant. She later opened an art studio in Provincetown,
Massachusetts. The song lampoons the Vietnam War draft. However,
Guthrie has stated in multiple interviews that the song is more an
"anti-stupidity" song than an anti-war song, adding that
it is based on a true incident. In the song, Guthrie is called up
for a draft examination and rejected as unfit for military service
as a result of a criminal record consisting solely of one
conviction for the aforementioned littering. Alice and her
restaurant are the subjects of the refrain, but are generally
mentioned only incidentally in the story (early drafts of the song
explained that the restaurant was a place to hide from the
police). Though her presence is implied at certain points in the
story, Alice herself is described explicitly in the tale only
briefly when she bails Guthrie and a friend out of jail. On the
DVD commentary for the 1969 movie, Guthrie stated that the events
presented in the song all actually happened (others, such as the
arresting officer, William Obanhein, disputed some of the song's
details, but generally verified the truth of the overall story).
"Alice's Restaurant" was the song that earned Guthrie
his first recording contract, after counterculture radio host Bob
Fass began playing a tape recording of one of Guthrie's live
performances of the song repeatedly one night in 1967. A
performance at the Newport Folk Festival on July 17, 1967, was
also very well received. Soon afterward, Guthrie recorded the song
in front of a studio audience in New York City and released it as
side one of the album, Alice's Restaurant. By the end of the
decade, Guthrie had gone from playing coffee houses and small
venues to playing massive and prestigious venues such as Carnegie
Hall and the Woodstock Festival. For a short period after its
release in October 1967, "Alice's Restaurant" was
heavily played on U.S. college and counterculture radio stations.
It became a symbol of the late 1960s, and for many it defined an
attitude and lifestyle that were lived out across the country in
the ensuing years. Its leisurely finger-picking acoustic guitar
and rambling lyrics were widely memorized and played by irreverent
youth. Many stations in the United States have a Thanksgiving Day
tradition of playing "Alice's Restaurant". A 1969 film,
directed and co-written by Arthur Penn, was based on the true
story told in the song, but with the addition of a large number of
fictional scenes. This film, also called Alice's Restaurant,
featured Guthrie and several other figures in the song portraying
themselves. The part of his father Woody Guthrie, who had died in
1967, was played by actor Joseph Boley; Alice, who made a cameo
appearance as an extra, was also recast, with actress Pat Quinn in
the title role (Alice Brock later disowned the film's portrayal of
her). Despite its popularity, the song "Alice's Restaurant
Massacree" is not always featured on the setlist of any given
Guthrie performance. Since putting it back into his setlist in
1984, he has performed the song every ten years, stating in a 2014
interview that the Vietnam War had ended by the 1970s and that
everyone who was attending his concerts had likely already heard
the song anyway. So, after a brief period in the late 1960s and
early 1970s when he replaced the monologue with a fictional one
involving "multicolored rainbow roaches", he decided to
do it only on special occasions from that point forward.
#Thanksgiving #ThanksgivingDay #ThanksgivingHoliday
#HarvestFestivals #Holidays #AmericanHolidays #PublicHolidays
#PublicHolidaysInTheUS #FederalHolidaysInTheUS #NationalHolidays
#FeastDays #GeorgeWashington #AbrahamLincoln
#AmericanRevolutionaryWar #AmericanRevolution #AmericanCivilWar
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Western Tradition TV Series DVD, MP4 Video Download, USB Drive
November 27, 111: #BOTD: #HBD: - Antinous
(an-TIN-oh-wahs), also called Antinoos, male Greek youth from
Bithynia, a favourite and lover of the Roman emperor Hadrian (b.
c, 130) is #born in Claudiopolis (present day Bolu, Turkey), in
the Roman province of Bithynia et Pontus. Little is known of
Antinous's life. He was probably introduced to Hadrian in 123,
before being taken to Italy for a higher education. He had become
the favourite of Hadrian by 128, when he was taken on a tour of
the Roman Empire as part of Hadrian's personal retinue. Antinous
accompanied Hadrian during his attendance of the annual Eleusinian
Mysteries in Athens, and was with him when he killed the Marousian
lion in Libya, an event highly publicised by the Emperor. In
October 130, as they were part of a flotilla going along the Nile,
Antinous died amid mysterious circumstances. Various suggestions
have been put forward for how he died, ranging from an accidental
drowning to an intentional human sacrifice or suicide. Following
his death, Hadrian deified Antinous and founded an organised cult
devoted to his worship that spread throughout the Empire. Hadrian
founded the city of Antinoopolis close to Antinous's place of
death, which became a cultic centre for the worship of
Osiris-Antinous. Hadrian also founded games in commemoration of
Antinous to take place in both Antinoopolis and Athens, with
Antinous becoming a symbol of Hadrian's dreams of pan-Hellenism.
The worship of Antinous proved to be one of the most enduring and
popular of cults of deified humans in the Roman empire, and events
continued to be founded in his honour long after Hadrian's death.
Antinous became a symbol of male homosexuality in Western culture,
appearing in the work of Oscar Wilde, Fernando Pessoa and
Marguerite Yourcenar. Antinous died under mysterious circumstances
before his twentieth birthday. Antinous was deified on Hadrian's
orders, being worshipped in both the Greek East and Latin West,
sometimes a hero and sometimes as a god. Hadrian and his
entourage, among them Antinous, assembled at Heliopolis to set
sail upstream as part of a flotilla along the River Nile. The
retinue included officials, the Prefect, army and naval
commanders, as well as literary and scholarly figures. Possibly
also joining them was Lucius Ceionius Commodus, the young
aristocrat son of Marcus Aurelius whom Antinous might have deemed
a rival to Hadrian's affections. On their journey up the Nile,
they stopped at Hermopolis Magna, the primary shrine to the god
Thoth. It was shortly after this, in October 130 - around the time
of the festival of Osiris - that Antinous fell into the river and
died, probably from drowning. Hadrian publicly announced his
death, with gossip soon spreading throughout the Empire that
Antinous had been intentionally killed. The nature of Antinous's
death remains a mystery to this day; however, various speculations
have been put forward. One possibility is that he was murdered by
a conspiracy at court. However, Lambert asserted that this was
unlikely because it lacked any supporting historical evidence, and
because Antinous himself seemingly exerted little influence over
Hadrian, thus meaning that an assassination served little purpose.
Some scholars suggest that Antinous may have been killed by
Hadrian himself, either in an attempt by the latter to regain his
health, or during an argument between the two. Elizabeth Speller,
one of Hadrian's biographers, notes that the second idea aligns
with the emperor's well-documented fits of anger and violence.
However, most scholars reject the notion that Hadrian murdered his
own lover, judging by his overwhelming grief at Antinous's death.
Another suggestion is that Antinous had died during a voluntary
castration as part of an attempt to retain his youth and thus his
sexual appeal to Hadrian. However, this is improbable because
Hadrian deemed both castration and circumcision to be abominations
and, as Antinous was aged between 18 and 20 at the time of death,
any such operation would have been ineffective. A fourth
possibility is that the death was accidental, perhaps because
Antinous was intoxicated. According to his now-lost memoirs,
Hadrian himself believed this to be the case. Another possibility
is that Antinous represented a voluntary human sacrifice. The
earliest surviving suggestion of this comes from the writings of
Dio Cassius, 80 years after the event, although it was
subsequently repeated in many later sources. In the 2nd-century
Roman Empire, a belief that the death of one could rejuvenate the
health of another was widespread, and Hadrian had been ill for
many years; in this scenario, Antinous could have sacrificed
himself in the belief that Hadrian would have recovered. If this
last situation were true, Hadrian might not have revealed the
cause of Antinous's death because he did not wish to appear either
physically or politically weak. Conversely, opposing this
possibility is the fact that Hadrian disliked human sacrifice and
had strengthened laws against it in the Empire. It is unknown
exactly where Antinous's body was buried; it has been argued that
either his body or some relics associated with him would have been
interred at a shrine in Antinoopolis, although this has yet to be
identified archaeologically -- however, a surviving obelisk
contains an inscription strongly suggesting that Antinous's body
was interred at Hadrian's country estate, the Villa Adriana at
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Crusade:
The First Crusade's History And Trail DVD, MP4, USB Drive
November 27, 1095: Religion: The History
Of Religion: Abrahamic Religions: Christianity: The History Of
Roman Catholicism: The Latin Church (Latin: Ecclesia Latina): The
Middle Ages (The Medieval Period, The Mediaeval Period): The
Crusades: The First Crusade (1096-1099): The Council Of Clermont:
-- Pope Urban's Speech: In reaction to the request by Byzantine
emperor Alexius I Comnenus's to the Council of Piacenza (March
1-7, 1095) in Italy requesting military assistance against the
Seljuk Turks of the medieval Middle East and Central Asia, Pope
Urban issues a call to arms in what would become known as Pope
Urban's Speech, delivered at The Council Of Clermont in Clermont,
Auvergne, Aquitaine in what is now modern France, a call that
resulted in The First Crusade, the first of a series of religious
wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin
Church in the medieval period, whose initial objective was the
recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. Five accounts of the
speech survive; of these, the one by Fulcher of Chartres, who was
present at the council, is generally accepted as the most
reliable. In Fulcher's text, Urban begins by reminding the clergy
present that they are shepherds, and that they must be vigilant
and avoid carelessness and corruption. He reminds them to refrain
from simony and to adhere to the laws of the church. Urban
complains about the lack of justice and public order in the
Frankish provinces and calls for the re-establishment of the truce
protecting clergy from violence. In the Historiography of the
Crusades, there is a long-standing argument as to how much the
pacification of the Frankish realm was designed to go hand in hand
with the "export of violence" to the enemy in the east.
Fulcher reports that everyone present agreed to the pope's
propositions and promised to adhere to the church's decrees. Then,
after this and other matters had been attended to, Urban spoke
about the suffering of Christianity in another part of the world.
In this second part of his speech, Urban urges the Frankish
Christians that once they have re-established peace and
righteousness in their own land, they should turn their attention
to the East and bring aid to the Christians there, as the Turks
had attacked them and had recently conquered the territory of
Romania (i.e. Byzantine Anatolia) as far west as the
Mediterranean, the part known as the "Arm of Saint George"
(the Sea of Marmara), killing and capturing many Christians and
destroying churches and devastating the kingdom of God. In order
to avoid further loss of territory and even more widespread
attacks on Christians, Urban calls on the clergy present to
publish his call to arms everywhere, and persuade all people of
whatever rank, both nobles and commoners, to go to the aid of the
Christians currently under attack. Concluding his call to arms
with "Christ commands it" (Christus autem imperat),
Urban defines the crusade both as a defensive just war and as a
religious holy war. Urban goes on to promise immediate absolution
to all who die either on the way or in battle against the
infidels. He then connects his call to arms with his previous call
for peace in Gaul: "Let those who have been accustomed
unjustly to wage private warfare against the faithful now go
against the infidels and end with victory this war which should
have been begun long ago. Let those who for a long time, have been
robbers, now become knights. Let those who have been fighting
against their brothers and relatives now fight in a proper way
against the barbarians. Let those who have been serving as
mercenaries for small pay now obtain the eternal reward. Let those
who have been wearing themselves out in both body and soul now
work for a double honor." Pope Urban's call was met with an
enthusiastic popular response across all social classes in western
Europe. Mobs of predominantly poor Christians numbering in the
thousands, led by Peter the Hermit, a French priest, were the
first to respond. What has become known as the People's Crusade
passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish
activities and massacres. On leaving Byzantine-controlled
territory in Anatolia, they were annihilated in a Turkish ambush
at the Battle of Civetot in October 1096. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The
Machine That Changed The World: The Computer DVD MP4 Download
November 27, 1852: #DOTD: #RIP: Ada
Lovelace, English mathematician, writer and metaphysician, the
only legitimate child of poet Lord Byron, regarded as the first
computer programmer based on her notes for Charles Babbage's
Analytical Engine, a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer,
chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine
and for being the first to recognise that the machine had
applications beyond pure calculation (b. December 10, 1815,
celebrated as Ada Lovelace Day) #dies at the age of 36 in in
Marylebone, London, England from uterine cancer. The illness
lasted several months, in which time her daughter Annabella took
command over whom Ada saw, and excluded all of her friends and
confidants. Under her mother's influence, Ada had a religious
transformation and was coaxed into repenting of her previous
conduct and making Annabella her executor. She lost contact with
her husband after confessing something to him on August 30 which
caused him to abandon her bedside. It is not known what she told
him. She is buried, at her request, next to her father at the
Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire. A
memorial plaque, written in Latin, to her and her father is in the
chapel attached to Horsley Towers. Ada Lovelace was #born Augusta
Ada Byron in London, England to Lord Byron and Lady Byron. Ada
Lovelace Day was founded in her honor to highlight the
achievements of women in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics, and to promote programs that encourage girls and
women to pursue careers in STEAM ((S)cience, (T)echnology, (A)rt,
(E)ngineering and Mathematics). Augusta Ada King, Countess of
Lovelace. Lord Byron separated from his wife a month after Ada was
born and left England forever, dying in Greece when Ada was eight.
Her mother remained bitter and promoted Ada's interest in
mathematics and logic in an effort to prevent her from developing
her father's perceived insanity. Despite this, Ada remained
interested in him, naming her two sons Byron and Gordon. Upon her
death, she was buried next to him at her request. Although often
ill in her childhood, Ada pursued her studies assiduously. She
married William King in 1835. King was made Earl of Lovelace in
1838, Ada thereby becoming Countess of Lovelace. Her educational
and social exploits brought her into contact with scientists such
as Andrew Crosse, Charles Babbage, Sir David Brewster, Charles
Wheatstone, Michael Faraday, and the author Charles Dickens,
contacts which she used to further her education. Ada described
her approach as "poetical science" and herself as an
"Analyst (& Metaphysician)". When she was eighteen,
her mathematical talents led her to a long working relationship
and friendship with fellow British mathematician Charles Babbage,
who is known as "the father of computers". She was in
particular interested in Babbage's work on the Analytical Engine.
Lovelace first met him in June 1833, through their mutual friend,
and her private tutor, Mary Somerville. Between 1842 and 1843, Ada
translated an article by the military engineer Luigi Menabrea
(later Prime Minister of Italy) about the Analytical Engine,
supplementing it with an elaborate set of seven notes, simply
called "Notes". Lovelace's notes are important in the
early history of computers, especially since the seventh one
contained what many consider to be the first computer program-that
is, an algorithm designed to be carried out by a machine. Other
historians reject this perspective and point out that Babbage's
personal notes from the years 1836/1837 contain the first programs
for the engine. She also developed a vision of the capability of
computers to go beyond mere calculating or number-crunching, while
many others, including Babbage himself, focused only on those
capabilities. Her mindset of "poetical science" led her
to ask questions about the Analytical Engine (as shown in her
notes) examining how individuals and society relate to technology
as a collaborative tool. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Exodus:
The Birth Of Israel + Bonus Title DVD, MP4 Download, USB Drive
November 27, 1874: #BOTD: Chaim Weizmann,
Belarusian-Israeli biochemist, Zionist leader and Israeli
statesman who served as president of the Zionist Organization and
later as the first president of Israel, the most visible Jewish
emissary to the Gentile world (d. November 9, 1952) is #born Chaim
Azriel Weizmann near Pinsk, Byelorussia. He was elected on
president of Israel on February 16, 1949, and served until his
death nearly three years later. Weizmann helped bring about the
British government's Balfour Declaration, which called for the
establishment of a national home for Jews in Palestine, and
convinced the United States government to recognize the newly
formed state of Israel. Weizmann was also a biochemist who
developed the acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation process, which
produces acetone through bacterial fermentation. His acetone
production method was of great importance for the British war
industry during World War I. He founded the Weizmann Institute of
Science in Rehovot, Israel, and was instrumental in the
establishment of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Chaim
Weizmann died aged 77 after a long and painful undisclosed illness
which for some months left him entirely incapacitated, at his
estate in a Rehovot in the Central District of Israel, where he
received a state burial. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The March
Of Time Newsreel Set 1933-46 All 3 TV Series DVD, MP4, USB
November 27, 1887: #BOTD: Masaharu Homma,
Japanese Lieutenant General, commander of the Imperial Japanese
14th Army which invaded the Philippines, fought the Battle Of
Bataan and perpetrated the Bataan Death March (d. April 3, 1946)
is #born Homma Masaharu on Sado Island, in the Sea of Japan off
Niigata Prefecture. Homma had a deep respect for, and some
understanding of, the West, having spent eight years as a military
attache in the United Kingdom. In 1917, he was attached to the
East Lancashire Regiment, and in 1918, served with the British
Expeditionary Force in France, being awarded the Military Cross.
From 1930 to 1932, Homma was again sent as a military attache to
the United Kingdom, where his proficiency in the English language
was useful. With the start of the Pacific War, Homma was named
commander of the 43,110-man IJA 14th Army and tasked with the
invasion of the Philippines. He ordered his troops to treat the
Filipinos not as enemies but as friends, and respect their customs
and religion. In one instance, on his approach to Manila, Homma
stopped his columns and ordered the men to clean up and tighten
formations, believing that unkempt soldiers are more likely to
loot and rape. His approach towards Filipino civilians earned him
the enmity of his superior, General Count Hisaichi Terauchi,
commander of the Southern Army, who sent adverse reports about
Homma to Tokyo from his headquarters in Saigon. Also, subversion
was growing within Homma's command by a small group of
insubordinates, under the influence of Colonel Masanobu Tsuji. In
Homma's name, they sent out secret orders against his policies,
including ordering the execution of Filipino Chief Justice Jose
Abad Santos and attempted execution of former Speaker of the House
of Representatives Manuel Roxas, which Homma found out about in
time to stop. Homma failed to give credence to the possibility
that a retreat into the Bataan Peninsula by Filipino-American
forces might succeed in upsetting the Japanese timetable. By the
time he recognized his mistake, his best infantry division had
been replaced by a poorly trained reserve brigade, greatly
weakening his assault force. Rather than waste his men in furious
frontal assaults, he tried to outmaneuver the American forces.
This brought criticism from superiors, who believed he had been
"contaminated" by Western ideas about conserving the
lives of his men. Worried about the stalled offensive in Luzon,
Hirohito pressed Army Chief of Staff Hajime Sugiyama twice in
January 1942 to increase troop strength and launch a quick
knockout on Bataan.Following these orders, Sugiyama put pressure
on Homma to renew his attacks. The resulting Battle Of Bataan,
commencing in January 1942, was one of the most intense in the
campaign. Following Japanese victory in April, at least 60,000
Allied prisoners of war were marched 60 miles (100 km) to a
prisoner-of-war camp. Due to ill treatment and abuse from Japanese
soldiers, at least 5,500 Allied soldiers died during the march.
Homma became known as the Beast of Bataan among Allied soldiers.
Despite Japanese victory in the Battle Of Bataan, the
deteriorating relationship between Homma and Sugiyama led to the
removal of Homma from command shortly after the fall of
Corregidor, and he was thereafter commander of the 14th Army in
name only. The New York Times erroneously reported prior to the
fall of Bataan that Homma was replaced by General Yamashita, and
that Homma had committed suicide. The Imperial General
Headquarters regarded Homma as not aggressive enough in war
(resulting in the high cost and long delay in securing the
American and Filipino forces' surrender), and too lenient with the
Filipino people in peace, and he was subsequently forced into
retirement in August 1943. Homma retired from the military and
lived in semiseclusion in Japan until the end of the war. After
the surrender of Japan, in mid-September 1945, the American
occupation authorities arrested Homma and extradited him to the
Philippines, where he was tried by an American tribunal on 48
counts of violating international rules of war relating to the
atrocities committed by troops under his command during the Bataan
Death March. Homma was arraigned on December 19, 1945, and the
trial was held at the High Commissioner's Residence, Manila,
between January 3 and February 11, 1946. A team of six lawyers,
none of whom had experience in criminal law, was appointed to
defend Homma. During his defense, Homma claimed that he was so
preoccupied with the plans for the Corregidor assault that he had
forgotten about the prisoners' treatment, believing that his
officers were properly handling the matter. He claimed that he did
not learn of the atrocity until after the war, though his
headquarters were only 500 feet (150 m) from the route of the
march, stating in court, "I came to know for the first time
in the court of [the] atrocities, and I am ashamed of myself
should these atrocities have happened." Robert Pelz, a member
of Homma's defense team, noted in his diary, "I truly believe
[Homma] had no idea of the things that occurred. While it is
unclear, according to historian Kevin C. Murphy, whether Homma
ordered the atrocities that occurred during the march, his lack of
administrative expertise, and his inability to adequately delegate
authority and control his men, helped to enable the atrocities. On
February 11, 1946, Homma was convicted of all counts and sentenced
"to be shot to death with musketry", which is considered
to be more honorable than a sentence of death by hanging. Homma's
wife visited Douglas MacArthur to urge a careful review of her
husband's case. MacArthur affirmed the tribunal's sentence, and
Homma was executed by firing squad by American forces on April 3,
1946, in Los Banos, Laguna, a few kilometers from the former
internment camp at the University of the Philippines Los Banos.
Various claims and charges have been lodged that Homma's trial was
unfair or biased and that his trial and execution served primarily
to avenge Homma's defeat of General MacArthur's forces. Homma's
chief defense counsel, John H. Skeen Jr., stated that it was a
"highly irregular trial, conducted in an atmosphere that left
no doubt as to what the ultimate outcome would be". American
General Arthur Trudeau, a member of the five-member tribunal that
condemned Homma, said in a 1971 interview "There's no
question but that some men who were either weak or wounded were
shot or bayoneted on this Death March. The question is how many
echelons of command up is a person responsible to the point where
you should condemn him for murder or crime, and that is what
General Homma was accused of ... We need to cogitate about our
wisdom in condemning General Homma to death. I must admit I was
not much in favor of it. In fact, I opposed it but I could only
oppose it to a point that allowed him to be shot as a soldier and
not hanged ... I thought he was an outstanding soldier."
General Douglas MacArthur had a differing conclusion and wrote in
his review of the case: "If this defendant does not deserve
his judicial fate, none in jurisdictional history ever did. There
can be no greater, more heinous, or more dangerous crime than the
mass destruction, under guise of military authority or military
necessity, of helpless men incapable of further contribution to
war effort. A failure of law process to punish such acts of
criminal enormity would threaten the very fabric of world
society." dies of execution by firing squad by American
forces in Los Banos, Laguna, a few kilometers from the former
internment camp at the University of the Philippines Los Banos.
Homma had been convicted of war crimes relating to the war crimes
of troops under his direct command. He is buried in the Yasukuni
Jinja Shrine in Chiyoda-ku, Japan. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Deming
Of America: W. Edwards Deming DVD MP4 Download USB Drive
November 27, 1894: #BOTD: #HBD! Konosuke
Matsushita, Japanese businessman and industrialist, nicknamed "the
god of management", founder of Panasonic, the largest
Japanese consumer electronics company (d. April 27. 1989) is #born
Matsushita Konosuke in Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of
Honshu, Japan. A biography of Matsushita's life called Matsushita
Leadership was written by American business management specialist
John Kotter in 1998. Panasonic Corporation (Japanese: Panasonikku
Kabushiki-gaisha), formerly known as the Matsushita Electric
Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japanese: Matsushita Denki Sangyo
Kabushiki-gaisha), founded by Konosuke Matsushita in 1918 as a
lightbulb socket manufacturer, is a major Japanese multinational
electronics company, headquartered in Kadoma, Osaka. In addition
to consumer electronics of which it had been the world's largest
maker in the late 20th century, Panasonic offers a wide range of
products and services, including rechargeable batteries,
automotive and avionic systems, as well as home renovation and
construction. Panasonic has a primary listing on the Tokyo Stock
Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX indices.
It has a secondary listing on the Nagoya Stock Exchange. Chronic
lung problems led to his death from pneumonia in Moriguchi, Osaka,
Japan at the age of 94. His burial details are not publicly
disclosed. He died with personal assets worth 3B USD, and left a
company with 42B USD in revenue business. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Czechoslovakia: The Long Wait For Revolution DVD, Download, USB
Drive
November 27, 1921: #BOTD: #HBD! Alexander
Dubcek, Czechoslovak and Slovak soldier, politician, and First
Secretary of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party (d. November 7, 1992) is #born in Uhrocev,
Slovakia. He attempted to reform the communist government during
the Prague Spring but was forced to resign following the Warsaw
Pact invasion in August 1968. During his leadership, under the
slogan "Socialism with a human face", Czechoslovakia
lifted censorship on the media and liberalized Czechoslovak
society, fuelling the so-called New Wave in Czechoslovak
filmography. However, he was put under pressure by Stalinist
voices inside the party as well as the Soviet leadership, who
disliked the direction the country was taking and feared that
Czechoslovakia could loosen ties with the Soviet Union and become
more westernized. As a result, the country was invaded by the
other Warsaw Pact countries on August 20-21, 1968, ending the
Prague Spring. Dubcek resigned in April 1969 and was succeeded by
Gustav Husak, who initiated normalization. Dubcek was then
expelled from the Communist Party in 1970. Later, after the Velvet
revolution (the overthrow of the communist regime in 1989), he was
Chairman of the federal Czechoslovak parliament. Also in 1989, the
European Parliament awarded Dubcek the Sakharov Prize for Freedom
of Thought. On November 7, 1992, Alexander Dubcek died as a result
of injuries sustained in a car crash that took place on September
1 on the Czech D1 highway, near Humpolec. He was buried in
Slavicie Udolie Cemetery in Bratislava, Slovakia. On Sale @ 15%
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: G-Men: The
Rise Of J. Edgar Hoover DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
November 27, 1934: Crime: Organized
Crime: Organized Crime In The United States: Organized Crime In
Chicago: The Touhy Gang: The Nelson Gang: Baby Face Nelson: The
Battle Of Barrington: -- #DOTD: An intense and deadly gunfight
between FBI agents and the FBI's Public Enemy Number One,
notorious Great Depression Era outlaw Baby Face Nelson, takes
place in the town of Barrington, outside Chicago, Illinois. It
resulted in the deaths of Nelson, Federal Agent Herman "Ed"
Hollis and Agent/Inspector Samuel P. Cowley. Lester Joseph Gillis
(December 6, 1908 - November 27, 1934), known by the alias George
Nelson and Baby Face Nelson, was an American bank robber in the
1930s. He was given the nickname Baby Face Nelson due to his small
stature and somewhat youthful appearance, although few dared call
him that to his face. Criminal associates instead called him
"Jimmy". He became partners with John Dillinger, helping
him escape from prison in Crown Point, Indiana. Nelson and the
remaining gang members were labeled as public enemy number one.
Nelson was responsible for killing more FBI agents than any other
person. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT!
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: TV
Commercials: The Classics Vol. 8 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash
Drive
November 27, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! Bruce
Lee, Hong Kong-American actor, director, martial artist, martial
arts instructor, and philosopher (d. July 20, 1973) is #born Lee
Jun-Fan in San Francisco, California's Chinatown during his
parent's trip from Hong Kong, making him a dual Hong Kong and
United States citizen by birth. His father, Lee Hoi-Chuen was a
famous Cantonese opera singer based in Hong Kong; his mother,
Grace Ho, was of Eurasian ancestry, whose father was Cantonese,
and whose mother was English; his maternal great-uncle, Sir Robert
Ho Tung Bosman, KBE JP (also known as Sir Robert Ho Tung), was a
successful Hong Kong businessman of Dutch Jewish and Cantonese
descent. Bruce Lee is considered by commentators, critics, media,
and other martial artists to be the most influential martial
artist and a pop culture icon of the 20th century, who bridged the
gap between East and West. He is often credited with helping to
change the way Asians were presented in American films. Lee was
born in the Chinatown area of San Francisco, California, on
November 27, 1940, to parents from Hong Kong, and was raised with
his family in Kowloon, Hong Kong. He was introduced to the film
industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child
actor. Lee moved to the United States at the age of 18 to receive
his higher education at the University of Washington in Seattle,
and it was during this time that he began teaching martial arts.
His Hong Kong and Hollywood-produced films elevated the
traditional Hong Kong martial arts film to a new level of
popularity and acclaim, sparking a surge of interest in Chinese
martial arts in the West in the 1970s. The direction and tone of
his films dramatically changed and influenced martial arts and
martial arts films in the US, Hong Kong, and the rest of the
world. He is noted for his roles in five feature-length martial
arts films in the early 1970s: Lo Wei's The Big Boss (1971) and
Fist of Fury (1972); Golden Harvest's Way of the Dragon (1972),
directed and written by Lee; Golden Harvest and Warner Brothers'
Enter the Dragon (1973) and The Game of Death (1978), both
directed by Robert Clouse. Lee became an iconic figure known
throughout the world, particularly among the Chinese, based upon
his portrayal of Chinese nationalism in his films and among Asian
Americans for defying stereotypes associated with the emasculated
Asian male. He trained in the art of Wing Chun and later combined
his other influences from various sources into the spirit of his
personal martial arts philosophy, which he dubbed Jeet Kune Do
(The Way of the Intercepting Fist). Lee held dual nationality in
Hong Kong and the US. He died in Hong Kong on July 20, 1973 at the
age of 32 of acute cerebral edema (swelling of the brain) caused
either by an allergic reaction to the pain reliever Equagesic or
heat stroke, and was buried in Seattle. Equagesic was accordingly
discontinued in the United States thereafter in part because of
this. He is buried at Lake View Cemetery in Seattle, Washington.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Jimi Plays
Monterey Jimi Hendrix DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
November 27, 1942: #BOTD: #HBD! Jimi
Hendrix, African American singer-songwriter, rock guitarist, and
producer (d. July 20, 1970) is #born Johnny Allen Hendrix in
Seattle, Washington. Although his mainstream career spanned only
four years, James Marshall Hendrix, who had African American and
Irish ancestry, is widely regarded one of the most influential
electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of
the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock And
Roll Hall Of Fame describes him as "arguably the greatest
instrumentalist in the history of rock music". Born in
Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of
15. In 1961, he enlisted in the U.S. Army and trained as a
paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division; he was granted an
honorable discharge the following year. Soon afterward, he moved
to Clarksville, Tennessee, and began playing gigs on the Chitlin'
Circuit, earning a place in the Isley Brothers' backing band and
later with Little Richard, with whom he continued to work through
mid-1965. He then played with Curtis Knight and the Squires before
moving to England in late 1966 after being discovered by Linda
Keith, who in turn interested bassist Chas Chandler of the Animals
in becoming his first manager. Within months, Hendrix had earned
three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience: "Hey
Joe", "Purple Haze", and "The Wind Cries
Mary". He achieved fame in the U.S. after his performance at
the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and in 1968 his third and final
studio album, Electric Ladyland, reached number one in the U.S.;
it was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his
first and only number one album. The world's highest-paid
performer, he headlined the Woodstock Festival in 1969 and the
Isle of Wight Festival in 1970, before his accidental death from
barbiturate-related asphyxia on September 18, 1970, at the age of
27. Hendrix was inspired musically by American rock and roll and
electric blues. He favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume
and gain, and was instrumental in popularizing the previously
undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He was
also one of the first guitarists to make extensive use of tone
altering effects units, such as fuzz tone, Octavia, wah-wah, and
Uni-Vibe in mainstream rock. He was the first artist to use
stereophonic phasing effects in music recordings. Holly
George-Warren of Rolling Stone commented: "Hendrix pioneered
the use of the instrument as an electronic sound source. Players
before him had experimented with feedback and distortion, but
Hendrix turned those effects and others into a controlled, fluid
vocabulary every bit as personal as the blues with which he
began." Hendrix was the recipient of several music awards
during his lifetime and posthumously. In 1967, readers of Melody
Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, and in 1968, Rolling
Stone declared him the Performer of the Year. Disc and Music Echo
honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970,
Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi
Hendrix Experience was inducted into The Rock And Roll Hall Of
Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Rolling Stone
ranked the band's three studio albums, Are You Experienced, Axis:
Bold as Love, and Electric Ladyland, among the 100 greatest albums
of all time, and they ranked Hendrix as the greatest guitarist and
the sixth greatest artist of all time. Hendrix died under disputed
circumstances. Details are disputed concerning Hendrix's last day
as well. He spent much of the with Monika Dannemann in London, the
only witness to his final hours. Dannemann said that she prepared
a meal for them at her apartment in the Samarkand Hotel around 11
p.m., when they shared a bottle of wine. She drove him to the
residence of an acquaintance at approximately 1:45 a.m., where he
remained for about an hour before she picked him up and drove them
back to her flat at 3 a.m. She said that they talked until around
7 a.m., when they went to sleep. Dannemann awoke around 11 a.m.
and found Hendrix breathing but unconscious and unresponsive. She
called for an ambulance at 11:18 a.m., and it arrived nine minutes
later. Ambulancemen transported Hendrix to St Mary Abbots Hospital
where Dr. John Bannister pronounced him dead at 12:45 PM. Coroner
Gavin Thurston ordered a post-mortem examination which was
performed on September 21 by Professor Robert Donald Teare, a
forensic pathologist. Thurston completed the inquest on September
28 and concluded that Hendrix aspirated his own vomit and died of
asphyxia while intoxicated with barbiturates. Citing "insufficient
evidence of the circumstances", he declared an open verdict.
Dannemann later revealed that Hendrix had taken nine of her
prescribed Vesparax sleeping tablets, 18 times the recommended
dosage. Desmond Henley embalmed Hendrix's body which was flown to
Seattle on September 29. Hendrix's family and friends held a
service at Dunlap Baptist Church in Seattle's Rainier Valley on
Thursday, October 1; his body was interred at Greenwood Cemetery
in nearby Renton, the location of his mother's grave. Family and
friends traveled in 24 limousines, and more than 200 people
attended the funeral, including Mitch Mitchell, Noel Redding,
Miles Davis, John Hammond, and Johnny Winter. He was reburied
under a marble dome memorial in another section of Greenwood
Memorial Park; Hendrix's father Al and his step mother Ayako
'June' Hendrix have also been placed in the vault in the center of
the memorial. Hendrix is often cited as one example of an
allegedly disproportionate number of musicians dying at age 27,
including Brian Jones, Jim Morrison, and Janis Joplin in the same
era, a phenomenon referred to as the 27 Club. Hendrix was inspired
musically by American rock and roll and electric blues. He favored
overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and was
instrumental in popularizing the previously undesirable sounds
caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He was also one of the first
guitarists to make extensive use of tone altering effects units,
such as fuzz tone, Octavia, wah-wah, and Uni-Vibe in mainstream
rock. He was the first artist to use stereophonic phasing effects
in music recordings. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone
commented: "Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as an
electronic sound source. Players before him had experimented with
feedback and distortion, but Hendrix turned those effects and
others into a controlled, fluid vocabulary every bit as personal
as the blues with which he began." Hendrix was the recipient
of several music awards during his lifetime and posthumously. In
1967, readers of Melody Maker voted him the Pop Musician of the
Year, and in 1968, Rolling Stone declared him the Performer of the
Year. Disc and Music Echo honored him with the World Top Musician
of 1969 and in 1970, Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of
the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into The Rock
And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in
2005. Rolling Stone ranked the band's three studio albums, Are You
Experienced, Axis: Bold as Love, and Electric Ladyland, among the
100 greatest albums of all time, and they ranked Hendrix as the
greatest guitarist and the sixth greatest artist of all time. On
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Korean War
Films And Documentaries Collection DVD, MP4 Download, USB
November 27, 1950: Korea: The History Of
Korea: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War
In Asia: The Korean Conflict: The Cold War (1947-1953): The Cold
War In Asia: The Korean War: The Chinese Second Phase Campaign
(The Chinese Second Phase Offensive): The Battle Of The
Ch'ongch'on River, The Battle Of Chosin Reservoir: -- The 9th Army
of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) surprises the US X
Corps commanded by Major General Edward Almond at the Chosin
Reservoir area beginning a brutal 17-day battle in freezing
weather that became known as The Battle Of Chosin Reservoir.
Between November 27 and December 13, 30,000 United Nations Command
troops (later nicknamed "The Chosin Few") under the
field command of Major General Oliver P. Smith were encircled and
attacked by about 120,000 Chinese troops under the command of Song
Shilun, who had been ordered by Mao Zedong to destroy the UN
forces. The UN forces were nevertheless able to break out of the
encirclement and to make a fighting withdrawal to the port of
Hungnam, inflicting heavy casualties on the Chinese. US Marine
units were supported in their withdrawal by the US Army's Task
Force Faith to their east, which suffered heavy casualties and the
full brunt of the Chinese offensive. The retreat of the US Eighth
Army from northwest Korea in the aftermath of the Battle Of The
Ch'ongch'on River and the evacuation of the X Corps from the port
of Hungnam in northeast Korea marked the complete withdrawal of UN
troops from North Korea. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Offshore
Pirate Radio 1960s-1980s MP3s DVD, Audio Download, USB Drive
November 27, 1957: #BOTD: #HBD! Caroline
Kennedy, American lawyer and diplomat, 29th United States
Ambassador to Japan, and beauty, is #born by caesarean section at
New York Hospital in Manhattan to John Fitzgerald Kennedy (then a
U.S. senator from Massachusetts) and Jacqueline Lee Bouvier
Kennedy. She is a prominent member of the Kennedy family and the
only surviving child of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. Caroline Kennedy was just short of her
sixth birthday when her father was assassinated on November 22,
1963. The following year, Caroline, her mother, and brother
settled on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, where she attended
school. Kennedy graduated from Radcliffe College and worked at
Manhattan's Metropolitan Museum of Art, where she met her future
husband, exhibit designer Edwin Schlossberg. She went on to
receive a J.D. degree from Columbia Law School. Most of Kennedy's
professional life has spanned law and politics, as well as
education reform and charitable work. She has also acted as a
spokesperson for her family's legacy and co-authored two books on
civil liberties with Ellen Alderman. Early in the primary race for
the 2008 presidential election, Kennedy and her uncle Ted endorsed
Democratic candidate Barack Obama for President; she later stumped
for him in Florida, Indiana, and Ohio, served as co-chair of his
Vice Presidential Search Committee, and addressed the 2008
Democratic National Convention in Denver. In 2013, President Obama
appointed Kennedy as the United States ambassador to Japan. She
was the inspiration for the naming of Radio Caroline, the Atlantic
ocean's first and popular offshore pirate radio station of the
early 1960s, broadcasting around Great Britain and the various
coasts of Atlantic Europe. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Outer
Space Films 9: Mars Probes DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
November 27, 1971: The History Of
Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of World War
II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: The Discovery And
Exploration Of The Solar System: Space Probes: Interplanetary
Space Probes: The Soviet Space Program: Spacecraft Missions To
Mars: The Mars Program: Mars 2: (Russian: Mars 2): -- The first
man-made object reaches the surface of Mars when the Mars 2 space
probe orbiter releases its descent module into the the Martian
atmosphere 4.5 hours before reaching the planet, despite the
descent module's malfunctioning and crashing during descent. The
Mars Program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the
Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended
to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters.
Early Mars spacecraft were small, and launched by Molniya rockets.
Starting with two failures in 1969, the heavier Proton-K rocket
was used to launch larger 5 tonne spacecraft, consisting of an
orbiter and a lander to Mars. The orbiter bus design was likely
somewhat rushed into service and immature, considering that it
performed very unreliably in the Venera variant after 1975. This
reliability problem was common to much Soviet space hardware from
the late 1960s and early 1970s and was largely corrected with a
deliberate policy, implemented in the mid-1970s, of consolidating
(or "debugging") existing designs rather than
introducing new ones. The names of the "Mars" missions
do not need to be translated, as the word "Mars" is
spelled and pronounced approximately the same way in English and
Russian. In addition to the Mars program, the Soviet Union also
sent a probe to Mars as part of the Zond program; Zond 2, however
it failed en route. Two more spacecraft were sent during the
Phobos program. In 1996, Russia launched Mars 96, its first
interplanetary mission since the Dissolution Of The Soviet Union,
however it failed to depart Earth orbit. On Sale @ 15% Off
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: My Name Is
Bertolt Brecht: Exile Years In The USA DVD, Download, USB
November 27, 1981: #DOTD: #RIP: Lotte
Lenya, Austrian-American singer, diseuse and actress (b. October
18, 1898) #dies in Manhattan of cancer, aged 83. She is buried
next to her husband Kurt Weill at Mount Repose Cemetery in
Haverstraw, New York. Lotte Lenya was born Karoline Wilhelmine
Charlotte Blamauer in Vienna, Austria-Hungary. Long based in the
United States, in the German-speaking and classical music world
she is best remembered for her performances of the songs of her
husband, Kurt Weill. In English-language cinema, she was nominated
for an Academy Award for her role as a jaded aristocrat in The
Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone (1961). She also played the murderous
and sadistic Rosa Klebb in the James Bond movie From Russia with
Love (1963). She was a Diseuse, French for "teller",
also called talkers, storytellers, dramatic-singers or
dramatic-talkers, and would sing many of her songs in this form.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Lost Howdy
Doody Childrens TV Shows DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
November 27, 2014: #BOTD: #HBD! Buffalo
Bob Smith, American actor and television host (d. July 30, 1998)
is #born Robert Emil Schmidt in Buffalo, New York. He was the host
of the children' show Howdy Doody, an American children'
television program with circus and Western frontier themes that
was telecast on the NBC network. It was a pioneer in children'
television programming and set the pattern for many similar shows.
One of the first television series produced at NBC in Rockefeller
Center, in Studio 3A, it was also a pioneer in early color
production as NBC, at the time owned by TV maker RCA, used the
show in part to sell color television sets in the 1950s. It ran
from December 27, 1947, until September 24, 1960. In 1970 and
1971, Smith embarked on a live tour of college campuses. The
shows, organized by producer Burt DuBrow, mixed nostalgia with
more contemporary humor, such as Buffalo Bob finding a package of
Zig Zags (rolling paper) allegedly belonging to Clarabelle. One
show, on April 4, 1971, was recorded and released as an LP, on the
label "Project 3 Total Sound Stereo". It was titled,
"Buffalo Bob Smith Live at Bill Graham' Fillmore East".
He had a summer residence in Grand Lake Stream, Maine, as well as
owning radio station WQDY in Calais, Maine. In 1976, Smith
reunited with longtime show producer Roger Muir and several of the
original cast to produce a new daily syndicated Howdy Doody Show.
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Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Duck &
Cover & More! Nuclear War Information Films DVD, Download, USB
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
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